01.(mile00,6940ft) START-END WEST: jct NM585-NM68, just south of Taos. 02.(mile03,7190ft) START-END WEST ALTERNATE: jct NM585-US64, just west of Taos. 03.(mile13,8330ft) FR437 dirt road branches right to Valle Escondido 04.(mile15,8670ft) trail to Apache Pass branches on right 05.(mile18,9101ft) TOP: Palo Flechado Pass 06.(mile21,8360ft) START-END EAST ALTERNATE: Aqua Fria, paved NM434 branches on right 07.(mile31,8210ft) Eagles Nest, profile continues straight down Cimarron Canyon 08.(mile43,7400ft) Ute Park 09.(mile55,6430ft) START-END EAST: town of Cimarron

Approaches

From East. Coming from points south like the US Hill summit, the quickest way to the pass is by bypassing downtown Taos itself and turn right onto Paseo del Canyon, at a spot that looks like any suburb in the USA, where the natives get their fill of Taco Bell burritos and Kentucky Fried chickens. The road climbs several hundred feet before ever entering the canyon, and from the top of this alluvial fan looking north, the Sangre Cristo Rangs shows off one of their more magnificent peaks, located behind the pueblo and appropriately named "Pueblo Peak". There is a short downhill where the road joins a more direct route from the north part of downtown Taos and then enters the canyon. As mentioned, traffic can pretty much span the gamut from the recent earthship immigrant, who insists on giving you both lanes of the road, to the low rider with a blinding paint job and a decal of christ in thorns on the back - with the usual wide variety of truck driver behaviors thrown in. After passing Valle Escondido traffic diminishes considerably since most of the tourist establishments, art galleries (like the sculpting business pictured below) and businesses capitalizing on the enchanted circle slogan are now behind. The road remains in forest without far views over one switch back to the top. Here an official historical summit marker elucidates the fact that the name "Palo Flechado" originates either from the name of a similarly sounding Apache band, or the habit of "shooting the remaining arrows after a successful buffalo hunt into a tree on a pass". Should this be the case I would think they have found a lot of arrow heads here. But the sign doesn't go into that.

From West. (described downwards) It is a short, fast descent with many surprising tight turns into the Angel Fire resort. In spite of the fact that the valley is drier and barer, you can't see it until you are down. The road continues barely descending to Eagle Nest. The views of the backside of Wheeler Peak, New Mexico's highest mountain, are actually more interesting than any views from the pass. Here Eagle Nest Lake gathers the water run off from the east side of the high Sangre de Cristo Mountains and makes a getaway through Cimarron Canyon to the plains below. The profile also includes the short climb to the top of Cimarron Canyon, followed by the scenic, shoulderless descend to the town of Cimarron.

Tours

Dayrides. 

(paved): A loop ride, starting at Coyote Creek state park > Mora > Holman Hill Summit > US Hill Summit > Taos > Palo Flechado Pass > Angel Fire > back to the starting point measured 105 miles with 6500 ft of climbing in 7:4 hours (r2:07.10.25).

History.

Spanish Colonial Times. Even the date when history first records that Palo Flechado has existed for countless generations predates what is often called North America's oldest city - that would be Saint Augustine in Florida.

250 Spanish horsemen, 70 footmen and several hundred friendly Indians had come over Glorietta Pass in search for more gold to rob. The winter of 1540 was closing in on them as they made preparations to winter along the pleasant winter climate of the Rio Grande. But there was still time to reconnoiter the area north, and so Coronado's captain Hernandez de Alvarado brought back news not of gold, but as a matter of not very great importance - news of the existence of Palo Flechado Pass and two others close by to the north, Apache Pass and Osha Pass. The Taos pueblo Indians used all these tracks to trade with and escape from nomadic Apaches who would visit the area from the east.

More than 150 more years go by until history records a actual crossing by Spaniards of Palo Flechado Pass. Santa Fe had already been established as the capital of New Galicia province for a hundred years. But the colonialists were too busy feuding and putting down revolts to do much exploration for its own sake. We are told that the pueblo revolt of 1680 was sparked by a number of Indians running off to the Arkansas River rather than to continue building Christian churches for the Spaniards. Don  Juan Archuleta pursued these Indians over Palo Flechado Pass, down the bare valley on the backside of Wheeler Peak and through the gap of the Cimarron River ( then called Taos Gap ) to the plains below, northwards into Colorado.

Two years later, 1682, the Spaniards felt threatened that they were not the only colonialists on the continent. After all, a French party had descended the Mississippi to its mouth the same year. Could a French invasion be far behind ? The Spanish answer was a "shock and awe strategy". Awe the Apaches, shock the Frenchmen if there were any, and bring back some runaway Picuris Indians on the side. Of course there weren't any Frenchmen to awe. But Captain Juan de Ulibarri did get a chance to cross Palo Flechado Pass. Subsequently the party headed for Raton Pass in Colorado, but was diverted 15 miles to the north by hostile Comanches to Long's Pass.

In 1719, concern about Frenchmen descending the Rio Grande like they had the Mississippi prompted action again to ride towards the plains, avoiding any exploration of their western boundaries at all costs, or so it seems. The area west of the Rio Grande remained a mystery, and would be until de Anza founded San Francisco in the 1770s, when the Spanish would have reason to seek a path west.

And so the objective behind crossing Palo Flechado Pass again, was looking for Frenchmen and revolting Indians. This time a contingent of over a hundred colonialists and supporters, headed by Pedor de Villasur, headed all the way into what is now eastern Nebraska. Still there was no sign of the 6000 French men poised to descend the Arkansas to the Rio Grande. In Arkansas 33 soldiers were killed, not by Frenchmen, but by Pawnee Indians. The news brought back by the survivors managed to curb Spanish anxiety about the French.

In 1763 the whole French-Spanish colonial dispute was settled, at least on paper, when France handed over today's French Canada to England and the west side of Mississippi drainage -wherever that was-  to Spain. Nobody really knew just what the west side of the Mississippi drainage encompassed. In any case, efforts to strengthen the Spanish colonial position was no longer directed solely at the French.

Palo Flechado Pass remained the principal highway to the east until de Anza rediscovered La Veta Pass (a variation of today's North La Veta Pass), naming it Sange de Cristo Pass, while returning home from yet another Indian chase. The new route to the east went up the Rio Grande and crossed only one pass, rather than Palo Flechado and Raton Pass.

By 1818 the Spanish empire in New Mexico had become a shadow of its former self. The main concern now was invading Anglo Americans, not Frenchmen. On paper the land north of the Arkansas River was sold to the Americans by the French with the Louisiana Purchase. That boundary was still north of Taos, but still took much of what the Spanish saw as their territory. The situation was exasperated. when news of a report in French, detailing various pass routes to New Galicia for the enemy, reached the Spanish minister Luis de Onis. Again the Spaniards crossed Palo Fleachado Pass to defend the homeland. Acting governor of Santa Fe, Facundo Melgares knew that the real danger to Spanish power was from within. But  he still hauled two rusty canons onto Palo Flechado Pass, and built a mud fort on what is now Pass Creek Pass. But before the Spanish got a chance to fire the two rusty canyons in defense of the empire, the Mexican revolution came from within. The governor of New Mexico smoothly shifted from one king to another, stayed in power, but hauled the two canons off the pass and let the mud fort dissolve in the rain.

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